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Abstract
Anemia is the most frequent nutritional disorder in the world, and constitutes a significant risk of developing iron-deficiency anemia in pregnancy, because there is a high demand for iron. Anemia is the most diagnosed hematological alteration during pregnancy, so all pregnant women are at risk of anemia in pregnancy, being more frequent in underdeveloped countries. The physiological anemia of pregnancy is due to a dilutional process secondary to the increase in the plasmatic volume that occurs during pregnancy. According clinical studies, anemia in pregnancy is associated with complications in the mother, the fetus and the newborn, and related to a greater fetal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of anemia in pregnant women in their third trimester, who attended in the Maternidad Provincial “25 de Mayo” of San Fernando del Valle de Catamarca for prenatal control, between September and October 2017. A descriptive, observational and retrospective study was carried out, based on the records of the clinical histories. Hematological parameters related to anemia and possible associations with different variables like age group, place of residence, parity, number of pregnancies, iron/folate consumption during pregnancy, gestational age and newborn (NB) weight were analyzed. Three hundred and forty four patients were studied. The prevalence of anemia was 25,6% (88/344; CI95%=21,3-30,4%). Normocytic normochromic anemia was the most frequent, and no cases of severe anemia were detected. There was no association between anemia and iron and/or folatos consumption, age, parity, number of gestations and place of residence (p>0,05). Anemia presented significant association with gestational age (p<0,05) and a weak association with the NB weight (Q=0,122). The prevalence results demonstrated that anemia is a moderate problem of Public Health in the Maternidad Provincial “25 de Mayo” of Catamarca, according to the guidelines of the World Health Organization. The strict prenatal medical monitoring of the pregnant women is essential to meet the objective of reducing the prevalence of anemia and thus avoid possible complications.
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