Keywords
Hodgkin's lymphoma
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
Latin America
How to Cite
Abstract
Introduction. Lymphomas are malignant neoplasms characterized by clonal proliferation of lymphocytes. Persons carrying the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) develop the most aggressive subtypes of lymphoma. In Mexico, little is known about the clinical characteristics and response to treatment of lymphoma in people living with HIV. Material and methods. A descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted at a referral hospital in the state of Veracruz, Mexico, the third Mexican federative entity with the highest number of HIV cases. Patients ≥18 years old, HIV carriers and diagnosed with non-Hodgkin's or Hodgkin's lymphoma between June 2017 to June 2022 were included in the study. In addition to the descriptive analysis, Kaplan-Meier curves for survival and hazard ratio (HR) by Cox regression were calculated to determine the risk of mortality associated with the different factors. Results. A cohort of 32 people living with HIV with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (n= 30) or Hodgkin's lymphoma (n= 2) was analyzed. Ninety percent of the total patients were male with a median age of 39.3 (25-68). The remaining 60% developed lymphoma in a period between 1 and 22 years, with a mean time of 6.8 years, of which 79% received antiretroviral therapy and had an undetectable viral load. The most frequent lymphoma was diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (37.5%). The mean overall survival of the patients was 6.65 years, with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 3.93 to 9.37 years and standard error of 1.38 years; the cumulative probability of survival was 0.4, with a standard error of 0.1. In Cox regression albumin ≤ 3 g/dL had a high hazard ratio (HR= 5.69; 95% CI: 1.38-23.45, p= 0.016) for mortality, where patients with these albumin levels had a mean survival of 9.8 months. Discussion. Despite the fact that HIV-associated lymphomas are aggressive and present in advanced stages, the overall survival achieved in our unit is similar to that reported in the world literature. The R-CHOP scheme has a good response in DLBCL, but the management of other types of lymphoma remains controversial. Hypoalbuminemia was found to be the most important predictor of mortality, so it could be included in new prognostic scales.
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