Abstract
Introduction: quantification of T-lymphocyte subsets is routinely performed in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV) by flow cytometry, in order to stage infection and response to antiretroviral therapy. Although some commercial houses suggest processing the samples in a period of 48 hours at 20-25 °C, there is no consensus about the conditions of time and temperature in which the T lymphocytes are not affected. Materials and methods: fifty whole blood samples with EDTA anticoagulant from the Medellin metropolitan area were evaluated. Each one was exposed under conditions of temperature and storage time before processing. Time points included < 12 hours (initial sample), 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours. And at room temperature (20-25 °C) and refrigeration (4-8 °C). Results: variables such as temperature and time influence the counts of the different lymphocyte subpopulations; the effects of ambient temperature on the count and other variables are more critical than the passage of time. CD4 expression was the most stable marker; For each day that was evaluated, it was reduced by 0.08 cells/μl and it was not statistically significant (95% CI: 0.10-0.01; p = 0.104). The CD45 marker presented a greater reduction in the absolute count. Over the days, on average, 0.53 cells/μl decreased, a fact that was statistically significant (95% CI: -0.97- 0.09; p = 0.016). Regarding the viability evaluated in total lymphocytes, it remained high at a temperature of 4-8 °C for 96 hours, with a median of 72.7% Introducción Los linfocitos Τ son un grupo heterogéneo de células específicas para el reconocimiento de antígenos(1). Dado su papel determinante en el establecimiento de las respuestas adaptativas de la respuesta inmune, su recuento es de gran importancia en enfermedades que se caracterizan por alteraciones en su número y frecuencia, como en el síndrome de inmunodeficienciaadquirida (VIH). Con la citometría de flujo (CMF) se estima el número de células CD4, parámetro crítico útil para estadificar la infección y guiar la toma de decisiones en cuanto a la conducta clínica a seguir(2). Uno de los puntos críticos de la fase preanalítica de la CMF es el tiempo que transcurre desde la toma de la muestra hasta su procesamiento y la temperatura a la que esté expuesta, debido a que las muestras se remiten a laboratorios de referencia desde otros lugares(3). La casa comercial recomienda realizar la tinción de las muestras en un plazo de 48 horas(4), mientras que otros proveedores aconsejan analizar las muestras a las 24 horas(5), autores como Glencross, et al.(6) indican que utilizar estrategias de análisis citométrico, como el “panleucogating”, facilita la medición precisa de CD4, incluso después de la pérdida de las propiedades de dispersión directa, hasta cinco días luego de flebotomía. La pérdida de estabilidad se traduce en cambios de expresión de los marcadores, lo cual ocasiona alteraciones en los resultados que pueden conducir a imprecisiones o fallos en las decisiones clínicas(7). Por lo anterior, el objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la estabilidad de los linfocitos T CD45, CD3, CD4 y CD8 en diferentes condiciones de temperatura y tiempo.
References
Barrero S, Cuéllar A, Rueda N y col. Determinación de valores de linfocitos T CD3+/CD3+/CD4+ y CD3+/ CD8+ por citometría de flujo en adultos donantes desangre del Hospital Universitario San Ignacio de Bogotá. Acta Méd Colomb. 2001;26:280-5.
Carbajal-Martel BH, Bu-Figueroa E, Sierra-Santos M. Prevalencia de infecciones oportunistas en pacientes VIH positivo asociados al conteo disminuido de células linfocitos CD4+. Hospital Escuela, 2001. Rev Me Post XJNAH. 2002;7.
Guevara NM, Tangarife VJ. Fase preanalítica: punto crítico en las pruebas de diagnóstico hematológico. Med Lab. 2016;22(9-10):411-46.
BD Biosciences. BD Multitest™ CD3 FITC / CD8 PE / CD45 PerCP / CD4 APC reagent. Disponible en: https://www.bdbiosciences.com/en-nz/products/reagents/flow-cytometry-reagents/clinical-diagnostics/multicolor-cocktails-and-kits-ivd-ce-ivds/bdmultitest-cd3-fitc-cd8-pe-cd45-percp-cd4-apc-reagent.340499.
Beckman Coulter Life Science. Kit de reactivos Duraclone. Disponible en: https://www.mybeckman.co/reagents/coulter-flow-cytometry.
Glencross D, Scott LE, Jani I V, Barnett D y col. CD45-assisted Panleucogating for accurate, cost-effective dual-platform CD4+ T-cell enumeration. ClinCytom. 2002;50(2):69-77.
Campoverde DJ, López SA, Correa WP y col. Citometría de flujo en el diagnóstico de inmunopatía. Revista Científica de Investigación Actualización del Mundo de las Ciencias. 2019;3:218-41.
Use IFOR, Use I. CD-Chex Plus CD-Chex Plus. Disponibleen; https://www.streck.com/products/flow-cytometry/cd-chex-plus/#resources.
Ekong T, Hill AM, Gompels M y col. The effect of the temperature and duration of sample storage on themeasurement of lymphocyte subpopulations from HIV-1-positive and control subjects. J Immunol Methods. 1992;151(1-2):217-25.
Zembruski NCL, Stache V, Haefeli WE, Weiss J. 7-Aminoactinomycin D for apoptosis staining in flow cytometry. Anal Biochem. 2012;429(1):79-81.
Ekong T, Kupek E, Hill A, Clark C y col. Pinching A. Technical influences on immunophenotyping by flow cytometry. The effect of time and temperature of storage on the viability of lymphocyte subsets. J Immunol Methods. 1993;164(2):263-73.
Weiblen BJ, Debell K, Giorgio A y col. Monoclonal antibody testing of lymphocytes after overnight storage.J Immunol Methods. 1984;70(2):179-83.
Hughes MD, Stein DS, Gundacker JP y col. Within- subject variation in CD4 lymphocyte count in asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus infection: Implications for patient monitoring. J Infect Dis. 1994;169(1):28-36.
Noda A, Vidal LA, Pérez JE y col. Clinical interpretation of the CD4 positive T lymphocytes count in HIV infection. Revista Cubana de Medicina. 2013;52.
Olteanu H, Schur BC, Harrington AM y col. Time and temperature stability of T-cell subsets evaluated by a dual-platform method. Am J Blood Res. 2012;2(2):128-35.
Okomo MC, Brendon G, Ndeh G y col. Effects of storage: whole blood specimens for CD4-T lymphocytes determination in Yaoundé, Cameroon. Health Science and Disease. 2017;18(4).
Hultin LE, Chow M, Jamieson BD y col. Comparison of interlaboratory variation in absolute T-cell counts by single-platform and optimized dual-platform methods. Cytom Part B - Clin Cytom. 2010;78(3):194–200.
Hughes MD, Stein DS, Gundacker JP y col. Within-subject variation in cd4 lymphocyte count in asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus infection: Implications for patient monitoring. J Infect Dis. 1994;169(1):28-36.
Noda A, Vidal LA, Pérez JE y col. Clinical interpretation of the CD4 positive T lymphocytes count in HIV infection [Internet]. Revista Cubana de Medicina. 2013;52
Olteanu H, Schur BC, Harrington AM y col. Time and temperature stability of T-cell subsets evaluated by a dual-platform method. Am J Blood Res. 2012;2(2):128-35.
Okomo MC, Brendon G, Ndeh G y col. Effects of storage: whole blood specimens for CD4-T lymphocytes. determination in Yaoundé, Cameroon. Health Science and Disease. 2017;18(4).
All material published in the journal HEMATOLOGÍA (electronic and print version) is transferred to the Argentinean Society of Hematology. In accordance with the copyright Act (Act 11 723), a copyright transfer form will be sent to the authors of approved works, which has to be signed by all the authors before its publication. Authors should keep a copy of the original since the journal is not responsible for damages or losses of the material that was submitted. Authors should send an electronic version to the email: revista@sah.org.ar
