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Abstract
Histiocytic sarcoma (HS) is a rare malignant neoplasm of unknown etiology whose cells have morphological and immunophenotypic characteristics of mature macrophages (histiocytes), representing less than 1% of hematological malignancies.
The clinical presentation depends on the compromised site, presenting as an isolated disease or associated with another oncohematological pathology.
The immunohistochemistry is essential for diagnosis. By definition there is expression of one or more histiocytic markers, including CD163, CD68 (KP1 and PGM1) and lysozyme, with absence of markers of: Langerhans cells (CD1a, langerin), follicular dendritic cells (CD21, CD35) and myeloid cells (CD13, MPO). CD45, CD45RO and HLA-DR are generally positive, in some cases there may be S100 protein expression, but it is generally weak and focal.
Prognosis in advanced stages is generally poor, with a poor response to systemic treatment.
We present the case of a male patient, 18 years old, who consulted for intermittent episodes of hemoptysis of 6 months of evolution, with the finding in a computed tomography (CT) of the thorax of a lesion at the level of the left bronchus, which was resected by fibrobronchoscopy resulting in a histiocytic sarcoma. Due to the presence of a single, resected lesion, no systemic treatment was carried out, being currently in control and free of disease two years after diagnosis.
References
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