Resumen
Introducción. El hemograma y el frotis sanguíneo son pruebas complementarias que en conjunto brindan una evaluación sanguínea integral y pueden contribuir de manera significativa a la detección de anomalías en postulantes a donar sangre. El objetivo del estudio fue describir las alteraciones hematológicas y morfológicas en postulantes a donar sangre. Materiales y métodos. Estudio transversal, realizado en el Servicio de Hemoterapia y Banco de Sangre del Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia durante el mes de diciembre del 2024. Se examinaron los hemogramas y frotis sanguíneo de 124 postulantes a donar sangre para la determinación del perfil hematológico y morfología respectivamente. Se realizó una estadística descriptiva para la presentación de los resultados.
Citas
Mohammed S, Essel HB. Motivational factors for blood donation, potential barriers, and knowledge about blood donation in first-time and repeat blood donors. BMC Haematol. 2018;18:36. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12878-018-0130-3
Okoroiwu HU, Okafor IM. Demographic characteristics of blood and blood components transfusion recipients and patterns of blood utilization in a tertiary health institution in southern Nigeria. BMC Haematol. 2018;18:16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12878-018-0112-5
Iqbal H, Tameez Ud Din A, Tameez Ud Din A, Chaudhary FMD, Younas M, Jamil A. Frequency and Causes of Deferral among Blood Donors Presenting to Combined Military Hospital Multan. Cureus. 2020;12(1):e6657. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.6657.
AABB Members. Association Bulletin #17-02: Updated strategies to limit or prevent iron deficiency in blood donors. Bethesda (MD): AABB; 2016 [citado 10 enero 2026]. Disponible en: https://www.aabb.org/docs/default-source/default-document-library/resources/association-bulletins/ab17-02.pdf
Ministerio de Salud. Guía Técnica para la Selección del Donante de Sangre Humana y Hemocomponentes. Resolución Ministerial N° 241-2018-MINSA. Lima-Perù [citado el 19 de diciembre 2025]. Disponible en: https://www.gob.pe/institucion/minsa/normas-legales/187434-241-2018-minsa
Mast A. Low hemoglobin deferral in blood donors. Transfus Med Rev 2014;28:18-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmrv.2013.11.001.
Sultan S, Irfan S, Baig M, Usman S, and Shiraz U. Insight into donor deferral pattern based on peripheral blood counts: An experience from South Pakistan. Asian J Transfus Sci. 2017; 11(2): 151–155. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-6247.214357.
Bisseye C. Hemogram abnormalities in apparently healthy first-time blood donors in Libreville, Gabon. Sudan Journal of Medical Sciences 2019;14(3):103115. https://doi.org/10.18502/sjms.v14i3.5210.
Bakrim S, Ouarour A, Jaidann K, Benajiba M, Masrar A. Hemogram profile and interest of pre-donation hemoglobin measurement in blood donors in the northwest region of Morocco. Transfusion Clinique et Biologique. 2018;25(1): 35-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tracli.2017.10.006
Bahadur S, Kalonia T, Kamini K, Bhumika G, Kalhan S, Jain M. Changes in peripheral blood in SARS CoV-2 patients and its clinico-pathological correlation: A prospective cross-sectional study. Int J Lab Hematol. 2021;43:1334–40. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijlh.13720.
Abbas AA, Allah SF, Mustafa AE. The Haematological Abnormalities in apparently healthy Sudanese Blood donors attending central blood Bank in wad Madini, Gezira State, Sudan. EJPMR. 2020;7(7):64–73. Disponible en: https://www.ejpmr.com/home/abstract_id/6884.
Ogar CO, Okpokam DC, Okoroiwu HU, & Okafor IM. Comparative analysis of hematological parameters of first-time and repeat blood donors: Experience of a blood bank in southern Nigeria. Hematology, Transfusion and Cell Therapy. 2021;3(2):1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.htct.2021.06.013.
Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Reference leukocyte (WBC) differential count (proportional) and evaluation of instrumental methods; approved standard (CLSI H20-A2). 2nd ed. Wayne (PA): Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; 2007. Disponible en: https://clsi.org/media/2466/h20a2e_sample.pdf
Camaschella C. Iron deficiency. Blood. 2019;133(1):30-39. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.2022018610.
Liess B, Liess H, Curry C, Hermelin D. Differential Blood Count [Internet]. Medscape.2019 Disponible en: https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2085133-overview?form=fpf#showall
Zahidin MA, Saidin NIS, Ibrahim NA, Mohd Nasir NNA, Abdul Razak NI, Ramli M et al. The Blood Donor Deferral Rate and the Reasons for Deferral at a Tertiary Care Teaching Institute in Northeastern Malaysia. Cureus. 2024;16(2):e54954. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.54954.
da Silva MA, de Souza RA, Carlos AM, Soares S, Moraes-Souza H, Pereira GA. Etiology of anemia of blood donor candidates deferred by hematologic screening. Rev Bras Hematol Hemoter. 2012;34(5):356-360. https://doi.org/10.5581/1516-8484.20120092.
Aro P, Paredes R, Ramos R, Lugo Katherine D, Lezama C, Martínez K. Alteraciones en los parámetros hematológicos en postulantes a donar sangre en un hospital general de Lima, Perú. Rev. virtual Soc. Parag. Med. Int. 2024; 11(1): e11122418. https://doi.org/10.18004/rvspmi/2312-3893/2024.e11122418.
Escobar J. Prevalencia de alteraciones en el hemograma automatizado en donantes de un banco de sangre tipo 2 de una clínica de Lima en el periodo comprendido entre setiembre del año 2015 y agosto del año 2016. [Tesis de pregrado]. Lima. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima; 2018. Disponible en: https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/323350105.pdf
Vega J, Younes M, Kuriakose P. The significance of unexplained macrocytosis.Blood. 2008;112(11):3449. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.V112.11.3449.3449.
Veda P. Evaluation of macrocytosis in routine hemograms. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus. 2013;29(1):26-30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12288-011-0142-7.
Lippi G, Cervellin G, Sanchis-Gomar F. Red blood cell distribution width: A marker of anisocytosis potentially associated with atrial fibrillation. World J Cardiol. 2019;11(12):292-304. https://doi.org/10.4330/wjc.v11.i12.292.
Anju J, Abhishekh B, Debdatta B, Bobby Z, Sharan M. Assessment of iron status in regular blood donors in a tertiary care hospital in Southern India. Asian J Transfus Sci. 2022;16(2):186-193. https://doi.org/10.4103/ajts.ajts_119_21.
Ellefson AM, Locke RG, Zhao Y, Mackley AB, Paul DA. Increased monocytes and bands following a red blood cell transfusion. J Perinatol. 2016;36(1):57-60. https://doi.org/10.1038/jp.2015.153.
Viner E, Berger J, Bengualid V. Etiologies of Extreme Leukocytosis. Cureus. 2023;15(4):e38062. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.38062.
Lee AC. Haematologist-reviewed peripheral blood smear in paediatric practice. Singapore Med J. 2018;59(2):64-68. https://doi.org/10.11622/smedj.2018013.
Stouten K, Riedl JA, Droogendijk J, Castel R, van Rosmalen J, van Houten RJ, et al. Prevalence of potential underlying aetiology of macrocytic anaemia in Dutch general practice. BMC Fam Pract. 2016;17(1):113. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12875-016-0514-z.
van de Vyver A, Delport EF, Esterhuizen M, Pool R. The correlation between C-reactive protein and toxic granulation of neutrophils in the peripheral blood. S Afr Med J. 2010;100(7):442-4. https://doi.org/10.7196/samj.3912.
Hvas AM, Grove EL. Platelet Function Tests: Preanalytical Variables, Clinical Utility, Advantages, and Disadvantages. Methods Mol Biol. 2017;1646:305-320. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7196-1_24.
Carvajal-Vega E, Padilla-Cuadra J, López-Villegas J, Mata-Sánchez M. Pseudotrombocitopenia inducida por EDTA y polineuropatía desmielinizante inflamatoria crónica. Acta med. costarricense [Internet]. 2016 [consultado el 4 de enero de 2026]; 58(2): 84-87. Disponible en: http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0001-60022016000200084&lng=en.
Gómez-Gómez B, Rodríguez-Weber F, Díaz-Greene E. Fisiología plaquetaria, agregometría plaquetaria y su utilidad clínica. Med. interna Méx. 2018; 34( 2 ): 244-263. https://doi.org/10.24245/mim.v34i2.1908.
Kumar A, Kushwaha R, Gupta C, Singh US. An analytical study on peripheral blood smears in anemia and correlation with cell counter generated red cell parameters. J Appl Hematol.2013;4:44–8. https://doi.org/:10.4103/1658-5127.127896.
Jensen AL, Krogh AKH and Nielsen LN. Comparison of visual assessments of anisocytosis in canine blood smears and analyzer-calculated red blood cell distribution width. Front. Vet. Sci. 2023; 10:1258857. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2023.1258857.
Solanki DL, Blackburn BC. Spurious leukocytosis and thrombocytopenia. A dual phenomenon caused by clumpingof platelets in vitro. JAMA. 1983;250(18):2514-5. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.250.18.2514.
Goyal S, Shah N, Shah F, Shah J. Comparative study of red blood cell morphology in peripheral smear and automated cell counter. Tropical Journal of Pathology and Microbiology.2019; 5(2):88-9. https://doi.org/10.17511/jopm.2019.i02.07.
Kumar S, Kumar A, Singh PA. Comparative Assessment of Peripheral Blood Smears (PBS) and Automated Cell Counter Generated Parameters in Different Types of Anemias. International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Review and Research. 2023; 15(12); 659-663. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11526908.

Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
Derechos de autor 2026 P Aro, V Alberto, B Apaza, C Lezama, K Arias, G Marcelo
