Palabras clave
enfermedades hematológicas
exposición a riesgos ambientales
hematología
Cómo citar
Resumen
La contaminación atmosférica es uno de los principales riesgos ambientales para la salud, con efectos reconocidos en enfermedades respiratorias y cardiovasculares; sin embargo, su impacto sobre el sistema hematopoyético ha sido poco explorado. Esta revisión narrativa de la literatura sintetiza la evidencia disponible sobre la asociación entre la exposición a contaminantes atmosféricos y el desarrollo de enfermedades hematológicas. Los estudios analizados muestran que la exposición a largo plazo a partículas finas, dióxido de nitrógeno y benceno se vincula con mayor riesgo de leucemias, particularmente leucemia linfoblástica aguda en niños y leucemia mieloide aguda en adultos. En linfomas, los hallazgos son heterogéneos, con asociaciones reportadas en subtipos específicos, como el linfoma folicular. Por otra parte, la evidencia sobre trombosis arterial y venosa es más consistente, relacionada con inflamación sistémica, activación plaquetaria y disfunción endotelial. Se identifican vacíos relevantes en la literatura, destacando la necesidad de estudios multicéntricos y longitudinales que incluyan biomarcadores hematológicos y enfoques exposómicos.
Citas
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Derechos de autor 2025 SX Jaramillo-Aguilar, LA Jaramillo-Aguilar, DI Flores-Carpio, TA Guamán-Caguana, M Feijó-Erazo, MG Jaramillo-Cabrera